《英语III(2)》期末复习指导

《英语III(2)》期末复习指导

《英语III(2)》是开放教育英语本科专业开设的补修省管课程，所采用的主教材为《开放英语5》，由刘黛琳与Duncan Sidwell主编，中央广播电视大学出版社2005年出版。该教材共分18章，内容涵盖社会、文化生活方方面面，语法内容包括真实条件句、反意疑问句、动词不定式、倒装句、复合词、介词、形容词的比较级与最高级等。在学习教材内容时，注意三个复习单元的学习，即第24、30、36单元的学习，以帮助归纳总结之前所学内容。为了便于学生进行期末复习，现将要求掌握的主要重点语法概述如下：

    

一、真实条件句

     掌握真实条件句的结构与用法。真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生。

     句型： 条件从句　　　 主句
　　        一般现在时　　shall/will + 动词原形

     　If he comes, he will bring his violin.

    

二、动名词

     动名词形式与现在分词一样，都是动词+ing形式，但是用法与现在分词不同。动名词具有动词与名词的特性，可以在句中作主语与宾语。如：

     Before going to the meeting, I would like to introduce Mr. Lee to you. (作介词宾语)

     Taking good care of the baby is her full-time job. (作主语)

     三、定语从句

    1. 介词+whom/which结构: 在定语从句中，当关系代词作介词宾语时，一般将介词放在关系代词前面。

    如：This is the house which I lived in two years ago.

        à This is the house in which I lived two years ago.

    2. 限定词+of which/whom结构：定语从句中，可以将限定词many, one等放在前面来引导定语从句。常用在此结构的限定词有many, all, none, either, some, any, most, much, both, half, each, one, two等。如：

        I bought two beautiful dresses, one of which was sent to my sister Lucy.

        The company has over ten thousand staff, half of which are in U.S.A.

    3. where与whose引导的定语从句。where表示地点，whose表示所属关系。如：

      Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

      I know that man whose house was burned down.      

 

四、动词不定式

     动词不定式在句中可以作表语与目的状语。

     1. 作表语。如：

        My work is to clean the room every day.
　　    His dream is to be a doctor.

     2. 作目的状语。熟记一些引导目的状语的短语，如in order to…, so as to…, only to…等。

        He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　

　　    I come here only to say good-bye to you.　

 

     五、情态动词

     掌握常见情态动词can, must, should, may 等用法。

     1. must可以用来谈论义务。注意must与have to的区别。两者都可以用来谈论义务，但是must表示主观愿望或命令，意为 “必须”、 “一定”;而have to 表示外界客观的因素，意为 “不得不”。如：

     My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night. (客观上需要做这件事)
　　 He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）

     2. can表示能力、可能。过去时用could。注意can与be able to的区别。be able to可以用于各种时态。如：

They will be able to tell you the news soon. (表将来)

     They can tell you the news soon. （表现在）

     3. should 表示建议或忠告，意为 “应该...”。如：

     You should stay at home and have a good rest.

     4. 情态动词+have+过去分词

     must have +done sth.，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。
　     --Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.
　     --She must have gone by bus.

     should have done sth. 本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。
　　   You should have been more careful in this experiment. (事实上是不小心)
　　   He should not have thrown the old clothes away.（事实上已扔了）

    六、倒装结构

    句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…,not only…but also, hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner… than等,句子的正常语序发生变化,即倒装结构 “助动词+主语+谓语动词”。如:
　　Never have I seen such a performance.
　　Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
　　Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

　    Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
　  Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
　  No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

 

《英语III(2)》课程期末考试方式为闭卷，时间为90分钟。

I	阅读理解 (15小题)	30%
II	语法选择（10小题）	20%
III	选错题（10小题）	10%
IV	完形填空 (10小题)	20%
V	翻译（5小题）	20%